
GPS-Denied Navigation for Ground Robots
On a modern battlefield, GPS is enormously useful. It is also something the warfighter cannot assume will always be available.
Buildings, terrain, tunnels, and subterranean spaces can block or degrade satellite signals. In a contested environment, an adversary may deliberately jam or spoof them. The Department of Defense has publicly described GPS and unmanned systems as targets of electromagnetic interference, while the Army has documented the operational consequences of losing GPS during unmanned ISR missions.